CRUD
CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete, which are the four basic operations performed on data in databases or applications. These operations allow users to add new data (Create), retrieve existing data (Read), modify existing data (Update), and remove data (Delete). CRUD is essential for managing data and maintaining its integrity in various systems, such as web applications, databases, and APIs.
PRG
PRG stands for Post/Redirect/Get, a web development design pattern used to prevent duplicate form submissions and improve user experience. After a user submits a form using the POST method, the server processes the data and then issues a redirect to a new URL, typically using the GET method. This approach ensures that refreshing the page or using the browser's back button won't result in duplicate submissions, as the browser will only re-request the redirected GET URL, not the original POST submission. PRG helps maintain data integrity and provides a more seamless user experience.
Session
A session, in the context of web development, refers to a series of interactions between a user and a web application during a specific time period. Sessions are used to maintain state and track user activity, as HTTP, the protocol used for web communication, is stateless by nature.
To create a session, a unique identifier, often called a session ID, is generated by the server when a user first accesses the application. This ID is then stored on the client-side, typically as a cookie. The server associates the session ID with user-specific data, such as login credentials, preferences, or shopping cart items. As the user navigates the application, the session ID is sent with each request, allowing the server to recognize and maintain the user's state. Sessions usually have a predefined expiration time, after which they are terminated to free up resources.
Flash messages
Flash messages are temporary notifications displayed to users in web applications, often used to convey the status of an action, such as a successful form submission or an error. They are stored in the user's session and automatically removed once displayed, ensuring they appear only once during the user's interaction with the application. Flash messages enhance user experience by providing timely feedback.